( Sawai is a title of honor used in India, the word having its root in Sanskrit language. Sawai literally means a quarter over one (1+1/4) in strength and / or intelligence. In other words it means - one and a quarter of an average man in worth.
Gandharva is a name used for distinct heavenly beings in Hinduism and Buddhism; it is also a term for skilled singers in Indian classical music. )
Who was Sawai Gandharva ?
There are a good many connoisseurs of Hindustani music of the younger generation who are likely to ask this question. The more knowledgeable among them pretend to know of him, rather ironically, simply as the guru of today’s musical stalwarts like Gangubai Hangal, or Bhimsen Joshi. Sawai Gandharva ,whose real name was Ramachandra Kundgolkar Saunshi,(January 19, 1886 – September 12, 1952), was a popular Hindustani Classical vocalist and Marathi stage actor of the Kirana Gharana. Also known as Rambhau ,he was the first and foremost disciple of Ut Abdul Karim Khan and was the guru of Bharat Ratna Pt. Bhimsen Joshi. Sawai Gandharva is most well known for popularizing the styling of the Kirana Gharana through his accomplished disciples, including Pt. Bhimsen Joshi, Dr. Gangubai Hangal, Firoz Dastur, and Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru.
Sawai Gandharva was rightly acclaimed the ‘king of mehfil’. His preeminence as an actor-singer and as a classical maestro on the mehfil platform, was hailed as a double distinction.
How Rambhau Kundgolkar came to be known as ‘Sawai Gandharva’ ?
Rambhau made his mark on the Marathi stage as an actor-singer when the great thespian, Bal Gandharva, ruled supreme. His raga-based Marathi pads(पद) had become the rage of the ‘20s, when Marathi musical drama was at the height of its popularity. His preeminence as an actor-singer and as a classical maestro on the mehfil platform, was hailed as a double distinction.
He charmed his audience by singing his Ustad's ( Khan Saheb Abdul Karim Khan) well known Thumries and Bhajans with that typically emotional fervor. He had thus popularized the “Highbrow” music through his stage -songs and cajoled his “lesser” audience into cultivating better tastes with regard to music. It was on account of this double achievement that this actor-musician became known as Sawai Gandharva which honorific title was conferred on him by the late Dadasaheb Khaparde, the famed political leader of Berar.
And that was how Rambhau Kundgolkar came to be known as ‘Sawai Gandharva’ !
How did the Sawai Gandharva Sangit Mahotsav start ?
Pandit Bhimsen Joshi started the annual Sawai Gandharva Music Festival in Pune, in memory of his guru Sawai Gandharva, in 1953. The festival was held on a modest scale for first two decades. In the 1970s and 1980s, its popularity of "Sawai" sky-rocketed and today it is one of the most popular and largest Indian Classical Music festivals of world.
The festival is hosted by the Arya Sangeet Prasarak Mandal (ASPM) ,an off-shoot of the Arya Sangeet Vidyalaya founded by Abdul Karim Khan ,the doyen of Kirana gharana and guru of Sawai Gandharva in 1918. The name of the festival was eventually changed by ASPM after the death of Pt Bhimsen Joshi in 2011 to Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Mahotsav.
This year marks the 65th year of "Sawai" and 6th year of "Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Mahotsav".
If this information interests you, here are two articles for a good read about Sawai Gandharva :
Guru Pt Sawai Gandharva
A Great Exponent of Khayal - Sawai Gandharva
Hope to see you all at Sawai in Pune !